基于模糊 PID 控制的热电制冷降温防疫服Thermoelectric Cooling Garment with Fuzzy PID Temperature Control
2022 年团队开发的可穿戴热电制冷原型，结合 STM32 温度采集与控制、TEC 制冷、热端散热设计和 SolidWorks 可拆卸机械结构。本人参与硬件制作、结构制作、接线、模糊 PID 计算及操作演示。A 2022 team-developed wearable thermoelectric cooling prototype combining STM32-based temperature feedback, TEC cooling, heat dissipation, and detachable SolidWorks mechanical design. My contributions included hardware and structural fabrication, circuit wiring, fuzzy-PID calculations, and demonstration documentation.
- 01感知SenseDS18B20 温度探头DS18B20 probes
- 报告中两个温度读取量Two reported temperature readings
- 02控制方案Control designSTM32 / PWMSTM32 / PWM
- 模糊 PID 研究与局部代码Fuzzy-PID research and excerpts
- 03功率调节Power stage驱动级与供电Driver & supply
- 具体电路待对应Circuit implementation unresolved
- 04换热Heat transferTEC / 风扇 / 鳍片TEC / fans / fins
- 冷端吸热，热端排热Cold-side absorption, hot-side rejection
项目背景与工程目标Project Overview
2022 年浙江工商大学团队项目，针对高温环境中防护服内部积热的问题制作可穿戴热电制冷原型。系统把温度反馈、制冷与散热模块、蓝牙操作界面和可拆卸机械结构结合起来。A 2022 Zhejiang Gongshang University team project addressing heat accumulation inside protective clothing through a wearable thermoelectric cooling prototype. It combines temperature feedback, cooling and heat rejection, Bluetooth operation, and detachable mechanical assemblies.
项目工作覆盖器件选型、结构制作、电路连接、模糊 PID 计算和演示。工程目标是协调冷端换热、热端散热和穿戴安装条件，控制算法研究与原型效果分别评价。Work covered component selection, structural fabrication, circuit wiring, fuzzy-PID calculations and demonstrations. The engineering objective was to coordinate cold-side heat transfer, hot-side heat rejection and wearable mounting, while evaluating controller research separately from prototype behavior.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：2022 团队研究报告，系统设计与硬件搭建章节。Source: 2022 team technical report, system design and hardware construction.
硬件与温度反馈Hardware & Temperature Feedback
报告明确选用 STM32F103C8T6 最小系统板、DS18B20 温度探头、12706 系列制冷片、风扇与 LM2596S 降压模块。附录 Temp_Control_Init() 分别调用 DS18B20_1_Get_Temp() 与 DS18B20_GetTemperture() 读取两个温度量。The report specifies an STM32F103C8T6 development board, DS18B20 probes, a 12706-series TEC, fans and LM2596S buck modules. The appendix calls DS18B20_1_Get_Temp() and DS18B20_GetTemperture() in Temp_Control_Init() to obtain two temperature values.
两个读取调用之间出现 delay_ms(200)，这只是初始化片段中的延时，不能当作周期采样率。探头引脚、分辨率、供电方式、转换等待与主循环调度没有完整源码可对应。A delay_ms(200) appears between the two reads. It is an initialization delay, not an established sampling period. Probe pins, resolution, power mode, conversion timing and main-loop scheduling cannot be resolved from the incomplete source.
USART3 片段配置 PB10 复用推挽发送、PB11 浮空接收，以及 RXNE 接收中断；波特率由 bound 参数传入。中断分支处理温度增减和模式切换。报告包含手机界面截图，但未归档完整 App 工程与端到端通信测试。The USART3 excerpt configures PB10 as alternate-function push-pull TX, PB11 as floating-input RX, and an RXNE interrupt. Baud rate is passed as bound. Handler branches adjust the setpoint and operating mode. An app screenshot is preserved, but the complete app project and end-to-end communication tests are absent.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：研究报告 §3.1、§3.2、附录 Temp_Control_Init()、uart3_init()、USART3_IRQHandler()。Source: report §§3.1–3.2; appendix Temp_Control_Init(), uart3_init() and USART3_IRQHandler().
热电制冷与热端散热Thermoelectric Cooling & Heat Dissipation
团队报告中的模块结构包含内外侧风扇、换热金属件、导热硅脂、半导体制冷片和导流通道。成品介绍列出 12706 制冷片及 DELTA TFB0412EHN 风扇；该型号是文档选型记录，逐件实物铭牌尚需对应。The documented module contains inner and outer fans, metal heat exchangers, thermal compound, a thermoelectric element and an airflow duct. The product description names a 12706 TEC and DELTA TFB0412EHN fans; these are documented selections pending component-by-component physical identification.
从热平衡看，热端需要排出冷端吸收的热量和电输入带来的热量。热端散热不足会抬高温度并削弱可用制冷效果，因此风道、鳍片面积和接触界面是需要联动考虑的设计对象。这是工程原理解释，并非本项目热阻或制冷功率实测。In thermal balance, the hot side must reject both heat absorbed at the cold side and electrical input. Inadequate rejection raises hot-side temperature and reduces useful cooling. Ducting, fin area and interface contact therefore need joint consideration. This is engineering reasoning, not a measured thermal resistance or cooling-power result.
供电章节描述锂电池、三个 LM2596S 降压模块及分线板，但没有可复核的完整功率级原理图。PWM 在报告中用于调节制冷输出；定时器通道、频率、开关器件和风扇/TEC 独立供电关系尚不能确定。STM32 在系统中承担控制信号处理，不把 GPIO 描述为直接供电给制冷片。The power section describes a lithium battery, three LM2596S modules and a distribution board, without a complete verifiable power-stage schematic. PWM is the proposed actuation method; timer channels, switching frequency, power devices and the fan/TEC power split remain unresolved. The MCU provides control signals rather than directly powering the TEC.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：研究报告 §3.2；《成品展示介绍》；热平衡段为工程分析。Source: report §3.2 and product demonstration notes; thermal-balance discussion is engineering analysis.
SolidWorks 机械结构设计SolidWorks Mechanical Design
归档包含 5 个 SLDASM 装配、17 个 SLDPRT 零件、2 个 SLDDRW 工程图和 24 个 STL 文件。零件名称涉及外壳、通风管道、连接件、电池盒、冷端散热件、盖子与安装框架，形成可拆卸模块的结构资料。The archive contains five SLDASM assemblies, seventeen SLDPRT parts, two SLDDRW drawings and twenty-four STL files. Part names cover housings, airflow ducting, connectors, battery enclosure, cold-side heat exchange, covers and mounting frames.
已有装配体及衣服结构导出图、爆炸/拆分动画可用于解释安装关系。CAD 表达的是结构设计；实物装配则通过原型照片单独展示。本人参与结构制作，具体零件建模归属按团队记录保留。Existing assembly and garment drawings plus exploded/separated-view animations describe mounting relationships. CAD illustrates mechanical design, while photographs separately document physical assembly. My role included structural fabrication; authorship of individual CAD parts remains within the team record.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：SolidWorks / STL 归档、装配体3.JPG、衣服.JPG、爆炸视图.avi、拆分视图.avi。Source: SolidWorks/STL archive, existing assembly and garment JPG exports, and exploded/separated-view AVI animations.
模糊 PID 研究与仿真Fuzzy PID Research & Simulation
报告以温度误差 E 和误差变化 EC 为模糊输入，展示三角隶属度函数、七个语言子集、Kp 规则表、重心法说明、Simulink 框图和仿真曲线。这些是报告保存的算法设计与仿真记录，本轮没有重新运行模型。The report uses temperature error E and error change EC as fuzzy inputs, with triangular membership functions, seven linguistic sets, a Kp rule table, centroid-method discussion, a Simulink diagram and simulation curves. These are preserved design and simulation records; the model was not rerun in this review.
现存 Fuzzy_PID.fis 是 Mamdani 配置，含两个输入和两个输出，但 NumRules=0。报告附录另有 Find_Position()、Fuzzy_PID() 和 Fuzzy_Sheet 索引片段；表定义与完整调用链缺失，不能用报告截图补成可执行 FIS。The surviving Fuzzy_PID.fis is a Mamdani configuration with two inputs and two outputs, but NumRules=0. Separate appendix excerpts include Find_Position(), Fuzzy_PID() and Fuzzy_Sheet indexing. The table definition and full call chain are missing; report images cannot substitute for an executable FIS.
附录中 ECx 被固定为 0，积分项有界限处理，部分控制逻辑仍处于注释或测试状态。因而可以分析隶属度插值、积分处理和输出限幅，却不能据此宣称完整双输入模糊 PID 已在实物闭环验证。In the appendix, ECx is fixed at zero, integral accumulation is bounded, and some control logic is commented or experimental. The excerpts support analysis of membership interpolation, integral handling and output limiting, but do not establish a validated two-input fuzzy-PID controller on the physical prototype.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：研究报告 §3.3、图 11–16、程序附录；Fuzzy_PID.fis。Source: report §3.3, Figs. 11–16, code appendix, and Fuzzy_PID.fis.
原型制作与操作演示Prototype Fabrication
报告保存了防疫服原型全景、降温装置接线及手机界面图片，目录另有制作/操作录像。它们支持展示原型制作和模块装配过程；结构动画属于 CAD 演示，不能当作实物拆解录像。The report preserves a garment prototype overview, cooling-unit wiring photograph and app screenshot, alongside fabrication/operation recordings. They document prototype fabrication and assembly. Exploded CAD animations are mechanical visualizations, not recordings of physical disassembly.
本人承担硬件与结构制作、电路连接和操作视频拍摄。本页通过系统架构图和原型照片展示设计关系与制作过程。My work included hardware and structural fabrication, circuit wiring and demonstration filming. This page presents design relationships and fabrication through a system diagram and prototype photographs.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：研究报告图 18–20、项目推荐表成员分工、项目演示素材。Source: report Figs. 18–20, the recommendation form role record, and project demonstration media.
工程成果与验证Engineering Results
团队形成可穿戴制冷原型、机械装配资料和温控研究报告，覆盖结构、热管理、反馈方案及操作展示。报告还保存仿真截图和一张实际温度记录表；两类记录按仿真与原型观察区分。The team produced a wearable cooling prototype, mechanical assembly material and a temperature-control report covering structure, thermal management, feedback design and demonstrations. Simulation screenshots and a temperature-record table are preserved as separate types of evidence.
当前归档不足以重建完整实验条件：测点、采样时序、传感器校准、环境控制及固件版本需要进一步对应。因此暂不引用降温幅度、控制精度、制冷功率、续航或医疗防护效果。The archive does not fully reconstruct probe placement, sampling time, calibration, ambient conditions or firmware version. Cooling magnitude, regulation accuracy, cooling power, runtime and medical-protection performance are therefore not quoted.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：研究报告 §4–5、仿真图与温度记录截图；非独立复测。Source: report §§4–5, simulation figures and temperature-record screenshot; no independent retest.
我的实际工作My Contributions
项目推荐表记录本人负责硬件制作、外观结构制作、电路连接、MATLAB 模糊 PID 计算、物理原理阐述、文案修改及操作视频拍摄。The recommendation form records my work in hardware fabrication, external structure fabrication, circuit wiring, MATLAB fuzzy-PID calculations, physical-principle explanations, document revision and demonstration filming.
完整系统为团队成果。MCU 程序、手机 App、全部 CAD 零件和最终控制验证不归为本人独立完成；可确认的个人工作以制作、连接、计算与演示记录为主。The complete system is a team result. The MCU software, app, all CAD parts and final control validation are not attributed to me alone; my established scope centers on fabrication, wiring, calculations and documentation.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：《项目推荐表和研究报告模板》成员分工栏。Source: member responsibilities in the project recommendation form.
竞赛获奖Competition Award
2022 年第十三届浙江省大学生物理实验与科技创新竞赛二等奖。证书列出项成昊为团队成员，项目名称与本页一致。Team Second Prize, 2022 Zhejiang Provincial University Student Physics Experiment and Science & Technology Innovation Competition, 13th edition. The certificate lists Chenghao Xiang as a team member and names this project.
英文奖项名称为描述性翻译；本页展示奖项文字，证书原图保留在私人归档。The English award name is a descriptive translation. The page presents the award in text; the certificate image remains in the private archive.
技术来源Technical sources
来源：本地 2022 年获奖证书，2022 年 11 月。Source: local award certificate, November 2022.
技术栈Tech Stack
工程技术深入Technical Deep Dive
沿温度采集、控制计算、功率驱动和换热路径阅读原型设计，分别讨论报告代码、仿真记录与实物制作。Trace temperature acquisition, control computation, power actuation and heat transfer, distinguishing report code, simulation records and physical fabrication.
工程问题与模块职责Engineering question and responsibilities
怎样在有限供电和可穿戴结构中协调热端散热与温度控制？How can hot-side heat rejection and temperature control be coordinated within a wearable power and structure budget?
本人职责以硬件/结构制作、接线及 MATLAB 计算为主；完整控制程序与测试闭环保留团队范围。My scope centers on hardware/structural fabrication, wiring and MATLAB calculations; complete control software and test closure remain team-level work.
两条互相关联的设计路径Two connected design paths
控制方案Control design
- 01温度读取Temperature reads
- 02误差与模糊计算Error / fuzzy computation
- 03驱动级调节Power-stage regulation
热管理Thermal design
- 01冷端吸热Cold-side absorption
- 02TEC 输入功率TEC input power
- 03热端鳍片与风扇Hot-side fins and fan
01热阻、散热与冷凝风险Thermal paths and condensation risks
工程分析Engineering Analysis
热端需要同时排出冷端吸热量与电输入产生的热量。可讨论接触热阻、风道阻力和风扇失效时的温升；低于露点的冷端还涉及冷凝隔离。归档没有对应热阻测试或冷凝试验，因此这些是设计审视问题。The hot side rejects absorbed heat plus electrical input. Interface resistance, duct losses and fan-failure temperature rise are relevant design questions; cold surfaces below the dew point also raise condensation concerns. The archive contains no corresponding thermal-resistance or condensation tests.
来源：研究报告 §3.2；《成品展示介绍》；热平衡段为工程分析。Source: report §3.2 and product demonstration notes; thermal-balance discussion is engineering analysis.
02温度读取与串口控制片段Temperature reads and serial-control excerpts
项目资料Project Records
两个读取调用之间出现 delay_ms(200)，这只是初始化片段中的延时，不能当作周期采样率。探头引脚、分辨率、供电方式、转换等待与主循环调度没有完整源码可对应。A delay_ms(200) appears between the two reads. It is an initialization delay, not an established sampling period. Probe pins, resolution, power mode, conversion timing and main-loop scheduling cannot be resolved from the incomplete source.
// Selected report appendix calls; not a complete firmware project
temperature_1 = DS18B20_1_Get_Temp();
delay_ms(200);
temperature_2 = DS18B20_GetTemperture();来源：研究报告 §3.1、§3.2、附录 Temp_Control_Init()、uart3_init()、USART3_IRQHandler()。Source: report §§3.1–3.2; appendix Temp_Control_Init(), uart3_init() and USART3_IRQHandler().
03FIS 与报告代码的对应关系Mapping the FIS to report code
项目资料Project Records
附录中 ECx 被固定为 0，积分项有界限处理，部分控制逻辑仍处于注释或测试状态。因而可以分析隶属度插值、积分处理和输出限幅，却不能据此宣称完整双输入模糊 PID 已在实物闭环验证。In the appendix, ECx is fixed at zero, integral accumulation is bounded, and some control logic is commented or experimental. The excerpts support analysis of membership interpolation, integral handling and output limiting, but do not establish a validated two-input fuzzy-PID controller on the physical prototype.
来源：研究报告 §3.3、图 11–16、程序附录；Fuzzy_PID.fis。Source: report §3.3, Figs. 11–16, code appendix, and Fuzzy_PID.fis.
面试深入讨论Interview Deep Dive
从设计问题与已有实现出发，进一步讨论边界、观察量和验证方法。Follow the design questions and implementation details into scope, observables and validation methods.
为什么不能用冷端温度代表整件服装的降温效果？Why is cold-side temperature insufficient to describe garment cooling?
测点、空气流动、人体热负荷和环境条件不同。需要同时记录测点位置、功耗和时间序列，再定义评价指标。Probe location, airflow, body heat load and ambient conditions differ. Evaluation needs defined sensor locations, power measurements and time series.
怎样从当前归档恢复可复现实验？How could a reproducible experiment be recovered?
先对应电路与完整固件，再确认探头转换时间、控制周期、规则表和输出限幅；分别开展台架与穿戴原型测试。First map the circuit and complete firmware, then verify probe conversion timing, control periods, rule tables and output limits before separate bench and wearable-prototype tests.
工程备注 · 阶段与版本Engineering Notes · stage & revisions
- 报告保存局部 C 代码与 App 界面，完整固件、PWM 配置、功率级原理图和端到端测试需进一步对应；12706 为报告型号记录，不把额定参数当作实测。The report preserves C excerpts and an app screenshot; complete firmware, PWM configuration, power-stage schematic and end-to-end tests need further mapping. The reported 12706 designation is not a measured rating.
- FIS 规则数为 0；报告中的规则表与仿真截图分别保留，暂不宣称实物模糊 PID 闭环性能。项目属于工程原型，不声明医疗认证或防护效果。The FIS has zero rules. Report rule tables and simulation screenshots remain separate records; physical fuzzy-PID closed-loop performance is not asserted. This is an engineering prototype with no claim of medical certification or protective effectiveness.